On the frame the grappling hook hits the sunken treasure: if forest water expires; or if a cutscene is cancelled with storage; then the salvage point tag you're about to salvage will no longer count as the active one, but it still triggers the salvage. Because there's no active tag, the active index is set to -1. There's no sanity check in place to prevent the chest from coming up when the index is negative. This means that the game tries to read the item ID from 4 bytes before the start of the list in RAM instead. Since this byte is unrelated to the sunken chest, it could be literally anything. This allows for salvaging any of the 255 (used and unused) items in the game.
After closing the textbox for the item, the game normally crashes because it reads the salvage to be the kind of salvage corresponding to treasure charts (kind 0). It then fails to to save the treasure chart information, because it ends up in an invalid range (0 again). This crash can however be avoided by fishing up the treasure chest with Storage.
No matter the method used, the memory must first be setup in order for you to salvage the item you want. At 0x803EA014 on JP and at 0x803F6B44 on US there is a pointer to an address located in the GAME heap, and 4 bytes before that pointed address is what is read to be an item ID. If you can control that byte then you can obtain any item that you want early. Currently, there are no good setups that are not luck-reliant. Once that byte has the value you want, you can proceed with performing the glitch.
Generally, on any given file, the pointer will be quite consistent for each island load. Your goal is to write stale data from some actor at that pointed address and then reload the stage on the island you want to perform SIM at.
To perform SIM, you must be able to trigger a cutscene at the same time the grappling hook makes contact with a salvageable chest. The cutscene that activates and gets stored on the same frame the grappling hook hits the chest must be a cutscene entirely cancelled from having storage. Cutscenes that are known to work in theory are:
Get Storage and store the pirate ship password door at Windfall, climb in the boat and get ready to salvage a sunken treasure (it can be any kind of treasure, one from a chart or one from a light ring). Salvage the chest and activate a cutscene on the same frame the grappling hook hits the chest. You must also release the grappling hook button right as it hits the chest or a little bit before (the frame window can vary). Then close the password text to cancel the salvaging animation. Reload the area to obtain the item, just like with chest storage.
The password text is necessary because it is one of the rare textboxes that can be used to cancel the salvaging animation alltogether, kind of like Door Cancel. Cancelling the salvaging animation is required to avoid the crash. The lighthouse cutscene can also be delayed by looking away from it with the camera.
Get Storage and either place a tingle bomb or shoot a bomb at the last canon or enemy on a platform that spawns a chest. Salvage a sunken treasure at the same time the grappling hook hits the chest, and release the grapple right as it hits the chest or a little bit before to perform SIM.
To avoid the crash, you can perform Salvage Cruising on the japanese version of the game in order to keep moving while obtaining the item. If you are moving towards a large island (such as Windfall, Outset or FF2 for example), it is possible if the heap is setup correctly to trigger a GAME fadeout. This will reload the ocean during the get item animation and thus avoid the crash since you then don't have to close the item textbox.
Store Tetra's text to leave Outset island and go through it while having control over Link. Close the last textbox by pulling out an item like the sail or a letter, then store Rose's text in order to get the red rupee reward from bringing a pig to her. If you perform the SIM glitch now using the red rupee reward cutscene, you will trigger the stage transition towards the leaving Outset cutscene, which will avoid the crash.
Have a bottle with forest water close to expiry. Get Storage, climb in the boat and get ready to salvage a sunken treasure (it can be any kind of treasure, one from a chart or one from a light ring). Salvage the chest and have forest water expire on the exact same frame as the grappling hook hits the chest. You must also release the grappling hook button right as it hits the chest or a little bit before (the frame window can vary). The forest water text will then appear and you can close it to cancel the salvaging animation. Reload the area to obtain the item, just like with chest storage.
This trick relies on a frame perfect forest expiry and a small frame window for releasing the grappling hook, it is thus very difficult.
The main use of this trick is to obtain the Hookshot early. With an early hookshot, it is possible to enter the Earth Temple early.
Due to the volatilness of the known setups to get the Hookshot and the difficulty of the trick, it is currently considered TAS-only.